1. Romans 1:18 (ESV)
  2. Exposition

Is the idea of God’s wrath not opposed to the Gospel?

Romans 1:18 (ESV)

18 For the wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of men, who by their unrighteousness suppress the truth.

No. Dodd1 wrongly deems the idea of a real wrath of God to be in conflict with Jesus’ teaching and Paul’s own message about God, who loved us when we were still sinners. According to Dodd2, in Romans 1:18 Paul is not referring to God’s personal wrath, but to an impersonal process of cause and effect in a moral world (see Romans 1:24–32). However, in this way you confuse the design of God’s wrath on earth (Romans 1:24–32) with its origin, which is from heaven (Romans 1:18). The alternative to wrath is not love, however, but neutrality in moral matters3

Human beings must be understood for what we are—beings who violate the truth (the one God). They do this unjustly. Not by their unrighteousness (ESV/NIV), but in unrighteousness, or unjustly (“en adikiai” characterizes violating the truth as brutal and unjust). The unfair and unjust nature of the repudiation will become apparent in the passage which follows, Romans 1:19–20. (The one God is recognizable in his works. You do him an injustice when you repudiate him.) People who unjustly push God aside are therefore guilty of asebeia and adikia and that is why God’s wrath is poured out over them. We must not interpret these words (ungodliness and unrighteousness) in Romans 1:18 in a general ethical sense, but rather in a heightened religious sense. They are demarcated by what follows. The world is godless because it repudiates the one God of Israel. And you can also condemn this godlessness as unrighteousness (singular) because people are unjust toward him. For he is not unknown, and his works call for praise and thanks. So the main reason for God’s wrath is not primarily to be sought in people’s ethical or social misbehaviour, but in their repudiation of Israel’s God, the Creator of all. The nature of their rejection is religious. At the end of this section, Paul will explain this from another perspective: Though they know God’s righteous decree that those who practice such things deserve to die, they not only do them but give their approval to those who practice them (Romans 1:32). Human life ends in death. The present human life is not worthy of the name. Yet people deny that reality of death and continue with their own behaviour. Paul characterizes this denial of heaven in all kinds of forms and with all kinds of reasoning as all ungodliness and unrighteousness. This unjust godlessness is the reason that God’s wrath now reveals itself from heaven.4